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Tax expenditureVeterans & military§104(a)(4)

Exclusion of veterans' disability compensation

Disability compensation paid to veterans is not subject to federal income tax.

Estimated annual cost
$19.2B
$19,200,000,000 · FY2025
0.27% of all federal spending in FY2025Total outlays $7.0T · Treasury, Monthly Treasury Statement, receipts, outlays and deficit/surplus
8 months ago

JCT line: "Exclusion of veterans' disability compensation". Rises to $22.5B by FY2029 as the compensated population grows.

By total cost
#22
Most cost, least good
#32
Most good, least cost
#10
Benefit concentration
Spread outConcentrated
12/ 100, broadly distributed

Eligibility turns on a service-connected disability rating rather than on income or assets, and payment scales with the severity of the disability. There is no phase-out at the top, but the population is defined by injury rather than by wealth, which makes this among the least concentrated items in the dataset.

Structural reading of the statute; JCT unverified

Structural reading

Included because the site's selection rule is size, and at $19.2B this is larger than several provisions already listed. It is also a useful calibration point at the low-concentration end. The eligibility gate is a disability rating rather than an income threshold or an asset position, which is a different axis from almost everything else here, and it produces a distribution that does not run upward in the usual way. The one structural qualification worth stating is that an exclusion is inherently worth more to a recipient who has other income to shelter, so even a benefit targeted by injury delivers unequal value across the population receiving it.

Who gets it

The channels the benefit actually flows through, described by asset position, entity form and form of return. Never by named individuals.

$2.3B12%
to a narrow class
$16.9B88%
spread broadly

Cost split by the concentration score. That score is a judgement rather than a published figure, so treat this as the scale of the split, not an audited allocation.

  • Veterans with a service-connected disability rating

    The benefit is a function of the disability rating assigned by the Department of Veterans Affairs, so it tracks injury severity rather than income, assets or entity form.

  • Higher-rated recipients with other taxable income

    An exclusion is worth more to a recipient who has other income to shelter, so its value is larger for veterans with substantial civilian earnings or pensions than for those with little other income.

Who pays

General taxpayers.

This transfer follows a general pattern, asymmetric organisation, sustained expert attention, and scheduled expiry dates.

How rent-seeking works →

Legislative history and accountability

Enacting statutes, major amendments, recorded votes with party breakdown, and live reform proposals.

Enabling legislation

  • Exclusion of amounts received for service-connected injuryAug 16, 1954

    Section 104(a)(4) of the 1954 Code excludes pensions, annuities and similar allowances for personal injuries or sickness resulting from active service in the armed forces, carrying forward a treatment that predates the codification.

    Bipartisan

    Veterans' compensation provisions have been enacted and expanded with support from both parties throughout the modern period. No separate roll call on this provision is recorded here.

Sources and data freshness

Concentration basisStructural reading of the statute; JCT unverified

Published within the last year. Figures marked unverified are seed estimates that have not been reconciled line-by-line against the primary source document. See the methodology for how each score is constructed.